STRUCTURES LIST I
EXTREMITIES
I. BONES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY AND SHOULDER GIRDLE
(M: 240-245)
A. Clavicle
1. sternal end
2. acromial end
B. Scapula
1. body
2. spine
3. acromion process
4. glenoid cavity
5. coracoid process
6. supraspinous and infraspinous fossa
7. superior & inferior angles
C. Humerus
1. head
2. anatomical neck
3. surgical neck
4. greater and lesser tubercles
5. deltoid tuberosity
6. medial epicondyle
7. lateral epicondyle
8. olecranon fossa
9. capitulum
10. trochlea
11. intertubercular sulcus
12. coronoid fossa
D. Ulna
1. olecranon
2. trochlear & radial notches
3. coronoid & styloid processes
4. head
E. Radius
1. head
2. neck
3. radial tuberosity
4. styloid process
F. Carpals
Proximal row (lateral to medial):
1. scaphoid (navicular)
2. lunate
3. triquetrum
4. pisiform
Distal row (lateral to medial):
1. trapezium (greater multangular)
2. trapezoid (lesser multangular)
3. capitate
4. hamate
G. Metacarpals (I - V)
H. Phalanges - proximal and distal on I; proximal, middle, and distal on II - V.
II. SOFT STRUCTURES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY
(M: 351-362)
A. Shoulder and deltoid region
1. subclavius m.
2. serratus anterior m.
3. deltoid m.
4. supraspinatus m.
5. infraspinatus m.
6. teres major m.
7. teres minor m.
B. Shoulder joint
(M: 272-273)
1. fibrous (articular) capsule
2. glenoid cavity
3. glenoid labrum
C. Axilla
1. subscapularis m.
2. axillary a. & v. (derived from subclavian a. & v.)
a. subscapular a. & v.
b. thoracoacromial a.
Brachial Plexus
(M: 434-435)
1. Roots - formed by the ventral rami of spinal nn. C5-C8 and T1.
2. Trunks
a. superior trunk - formed from C5 and C6
b. middle trunk - formed from C7
c. inferior trunk - formed from C8 and T1
3. Divisions - each trunk divides into an anterior and posterior division.
4. Cords
a. posterior cord - formed from the posterior divisions of all three trunks.
b. medial cord - continuation of the anterior division of the inferior trunk.
c. lateral cord - formed by the union of the anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks.
5. Branches - these are found throughout the arm and forearm. Be able to identify them in all regions.
a. Branches of posterior cord
i. Axillary n.
ii. Radial n.
b. Branches of medial cord
i. Ulnar n.
ii. forms a portion of the Median n.
c. Branches of lateral cord
i. Musculocutaneous n.
ii. forms a portion of the Median n.
D. Anterior compartment of the arm
1. biceps brachii m.
2. brachialis m.
3. brachial a. & v.
4. coracobrachialis m.
E. Posterior compartment of the arm
1. brachioradialis m.
2. triceps brachii m.
F. Cubital fossa
1. pronator teres m.
2. supinator m.
G. Extensor compartment of the forearm and wrist
1. extensor carpi radialis longus m.
2. extensor carpi radialis brevis m.
3. extensor digitorum m.
4. extensor carpi ulnaris m.
5. extensor retinaculum - thick, fibrous band which supports tendons on extensor surface of carpus (wrist).
H. Flexor compartment of forearm and wrist
1. flexor carpi radialis m.
2. palmaris longus m.
a. palmar aponeurosis - flat, expanded portion of palmaris longus tendon.
3. flexor carpi ulnaris m.
4. flexor digitorum superficialis m.
5. flexor digitorum profundus m.
6. flexor pollicis longus m.
7. radial a. & v.
8. ulnar a. & v.
9. flexor retinaculum - band which supports tendons on flexor surface of carpus.
10. carpal tunnel - formed by flexor retinaculum and carpal bones; holds various structures including ligaments of flexors.
I. Muscles of Hand - thenar and hypothenar groups.
III. BONES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY AND PELVIC GIRDLE
(M: 245-253)
A. Pelvic bones - consists of 2 os coxae - each consists of 3 fused bones:
1. ilium
2. ischium
3. pubis
B. Features of os coxae
1. iliac crest
2. iliac fossa
3. anterior superior iliac spine
4. posterior superior iliac spine
5. greater sciatic notch
6. acetabulum
7. obturator foramen
8. ischial tuberosity
C. Pelvic features (includes os coxae and sacrum)
1. pubic arch (male arch is 90o or less, female is > 90o)
2. pubic symphysis
3. pelvic brim
D. Femur
1. head
2. neck
3. greater and lesser trochanters
4. linea aspera
5. medial and lateral condyles
6. gluteal tuberosity
E. Patella
F. Tibia
1. tibial tuberosity
2. medial and lateral condyles
3. medial malleolus
4. intercondylar eminence
G. Fibula
1. head
2. lateral malleolus
H. Tarsals
1. calcaneus
2. talus
3. cuboid
4. cuneiforms (1st, 2nd, & 3rd)
5. navicular
I. Metatarsals (I - V)
J. Phalanges - proximal and distal on I; proximal, middle, and distal on II-IV.
IV. SOFT STRUCTURES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY
(M: 363-371; 435-437)
A. Gluteal region
1. gluteus maximus m.
2. gluteus medius m.
3. gluteus minimus m.
4. tensor fasciae latae m.
5. piriformis m.
6. sciatic n.
7. iliotibial tract of tensor fasciae latae
B. Anterior (extensor) compartment of thigh
1. quadriceps femoris m.
a. rectus femoris m.
b. vastus lateralis m.
c. vastus medialis m.
d. vastus intermedius m.
2. sartorius m.
3. femoral a. & v.
4. great saphenous v. (not on models)
5. femoral n.
6. patellar ligament
C. Medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh
1. adductor magnus m.
2. adductor longus m.
3. adductor brevis m.
4. pectineus m.
5. gracilis m.
D. Posterior (flexor) compartment of the thigh
1. hamstrings m.
a. biceps femoris m.
b. semitendinosus m.
c. semimembranosus m.
2. popliteal a. & v. - continuation of femoral a. & v.
3. common fibular (peroneal) n.
4. tibial n.
E. Anterior compartment of leg
1. tibialis anterior m.
2. extensor hallucis longus m.
3. extensor digitorum longus m.
4. anterior tibial a.
5. deep fibular (peroneal) n.
F. Lateral compartment of leg
1. fibularis (peroneus) longus m.
2. fibularis (peroneus) brevis m.
3. superficial fibular (peroneal) n.
G. Posterior compartment of leg
1. gastrocnemius m.
2. soleus m.
3. plantaris m.
4. tibialis posterior m.
5. flexor digitorum longus m.
6. flexor hallucis longus m.
7. posterior tibial a.
a. fibular (peroneal) a.
8. calcanean (Achilles's) tendon
9. sural n.
H. Knee joint
(M: 276-277)
1. anterior cruciate ligament
2. posterior cruciate ligament
3. lateral meniscus
4. medial meniscus
5. lateral collateral ligament
6. medial collateral ligament
I. Posterior abdominal wall (muscles move the thigh)
1. psoas major m.
>>>>>>iliopsoas
2. iliacus m.