STRUCTURES LIST II
TRUNK
TRUNK
(M: 224-234)
I. BONES OF THE BODY WALL
A. Sternum
1. manubrium
2. jugular notch
3. body
4. xiphoid process
5. sternal angle (angle of Louis) (pronounced LOO-ee)
B. Ribs
1. head
2. neck
3. body
4. costal groove
5. angle
C. Vertebrae (Typical)
1. body
2. spinous process
3. vertebral foramen
4. transverse process
5. articulating processes (superior & inferior)
Types of Vertebrae:
Cervical - first 7, have bifid spinous process and transverse foramen
1. atlas - C1 vertebrae, articulates with occipital condyles of skull
2. axis - C2 vertebrae, dens, articulates with atlas
Thoracic - next 12, spinous process points inferiorly
Lumbar - 5, larger, broader spinous process
Sacral - 5 fused vertebrae
Coccygeal - 3 to 5 fused vertebrae
KNOW THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH TYPE OF VERTEBRAE
Curves of the spine:
1. cervical curve - 2o (secondary)
2. thoracic curve - 1o (primary)
3. lumbar curve - 2o
4. sacral curve - 1o
II. MUSCLES OF THE BODY WALL
(M: 346-348, 351-355)
A. Muscles of breathing
1. Diaphragm
a. central tendon
2. External intercostal m.
3. Internal intercostal m.
B. Muscles of the anterior thoracic wall
1. Serratus anterior m.
2. Pectoralis major m.
3. Pectoralis minor m.
C. Muscles of the anterior abdominopelvic wall
1. Rectus abdominis m.
2. External oblique m.
3. Internal oblique m.
4. Transverse abdominis m.
Inguinal canal
a. spermatic cord (male)
b. round ligament (female)
D. Muscles of the back that move the arm
1. Trapezius m.
2. Rhomboid major m.
3. Rhomboid minor m.
4. Levator scapula m.
5. Latissumus dorsi m.
III. THORACIC CAVITY VISCERA
(M: 818-824)
A. Lungs (right and left)
1. Lobes
a. superior
b. middle (right lung only)
c. inferior
2. fissures
a. horizontal (right lung only)
b. oblique
2. Apex
3. Base
4. Visceral pleura
5. Parietal pleura
BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY PULMONARY ARTERIES AND VEINS ON THE LUNGS
B. Mediastinum
1. Esophagus
2. Trachea
3. Bronchi
a. Primary (right and left)
b. Secondary
4. Heart
(M: 671-683)
External Structures
a. Pericardium
b. Base
c. Apex
d. Right atria (singular: atrium)
e. Left atria
f. Right ventricle
g. Left ventricle
h. Right coronary a.
1) Posterior interventricular a.
i. Left coronary a.
1) Anterior interventricular a.
2) Circumflex a.
j. Coronary sinus
1) Great cardiac vein
2) Middle cardiac vein
k. Auricles
Internal Structures
a. Right ventricle
b. Left ventricle
c. Interventricular septum
d. Tricuspid (Right A-V) valve
e. Bicuspid (Left A-V) valve (or mitral valve)
f. Chordae tendinae
g. Aortic semilunar valve
h. Pulmonary semilunar valve
i. Fossa ovalis - Embryonic remnant
j. Papillary mm.
h. Pectinate mm.
i. Trabeculae Carneae mm.
Great vessels of the heart
(M: 738-753)
a. Superior vena cava
b. Inferior vena cava
c. Pulmonary trunk
d. Pulmonary aa. (right and left)
e. Pulmonary vv. (right and left)
f. Ascending aorta
g. Aortic arch
h. Descending (Thoracic) aorta
i. Ligamentum arteriosum
5. Brachiocephalic a. & vv. (only 1 a., 2 vv.)
a. Right subclavian a. & v.
b. Right common carotid a.
6. Left common carotid a.
7. Left subclavian a. & v.
8. Right and left jugular vv.
9. Vagus n.
10. Sympathetic trunk
11. Phrenic n.
12. Left recurrent laryngeal n.
IV. ABDOMINAL CAVITY VISCERA
(M: 877-901)
A. Greater omentum
B. Stomach
1. Cardia
2. Fundus
3. Body
4. Pylorus
5. Cardiac sphincter (Lower esophageal sphincter)
6. Pyloric sphincter
7. Greater curvature
8. Lesser curvature
9. Rugae
C. Small intestine
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
D. Large intestine
1. Cecum
2. Ascending colon
3. Transverse colon
4. Descending colon
5. Sigmoid colon
E. Appendix
F. Liver (right and left lobes)
1. Falciform ligament
2. Ligamentum teres
G. Gall bladder
H. Common bile duct
I. Visceral and Parietal peritoneum
J. Mesentery
K. Kidney
(M: 952-956)
1. Cortex
2. Medulla
3. Renal pyramid
4. Hilus
5. Renal pelvis
6. Major calyx (pl. - calyces)
7. Minor calyx
8. Renal papilla
L. Ureter
M. Adrenal (suprarenal) glands
N. Pancreas
O. Spleen
P. Abdominal aorta
Q. Celiac a. (trunk)
1. Common hepatic a.
2. Splenic a.
3. Left gastric a.
R. Superior mesenteric a. & v.
S. Inferior mesenteric a. & v.
T. Renal aa. & vv. (right and left)
U. Gonadal aa. & vv. (ovarian or testicular) (right and left)
V. Common iliac aa. & vv. (right and left)
W. Internal iliac aa. & vv. (right and left)
X. External iliac aa. & vv. (right and left)
Y. Inferior vena cava
Z. Portal v.
AA. Splenic v
V. PELVIC CAVITY VISCERA
(M: 1030-1059)
A. General
1. Urinary bladder
2. Urethra
3. Rectum
B. Male Pelvic Viscera
1. Spermatic cord
a. Ductus deferens
b. Testicular a. & v.
2. Seminal vesicle
3. Prostate gland
C. Female Pelvic Viscera
1. Vagina
2. Uterus
a. Cervix
b. Fundus
3. Uterine tubes (oviducts)
a. Fimbriae
4. Ovary
5. Ligament of the ovary
6. Broad ligament
7. Round ligament
VI. PERINEUM
A. Anal triangle
1. Anus
B. Urogenital (UG) triangle
Male External Genitalia
1. Penis
a. Glans penis
b. Prepuce
c. Corpus spongiosum
d. Corpora cavernosa
e. Urethra
2. Scrotum
3. Testes
4. Epididymis
Female External Genitalia
1. Labia majora
2. Labia minora
3. Clitoris
a. prepuce