STRUCTURES LIST III
HEAD, NECK, AND BACK
BONES OF THE HEAD & NECK
(M: 206-222)
I. SKULL
CRANIAL BONES
A. Frontal
1. supraorbital foramen (notch) (pl. = foramina)
2. frontal sinus
B. Parietal
C. Occipital
1. foramen magnum
2. occipital condyles
3. hypoglossal foramen (canal)
4. external occipital protuberance
5. superior nuchal line
6. inferior nuchal line
D. Temporal
1. zygomatic process
2. petrous portion
3. carotid foramen (canal)
4. jugular foramen
5. mandibular fossa (pl. = fossae)
6. mastoid process
7. external auditory meatus (pl. = meatuses)
8. internal auditory meatus
9. styloid process
E. Sphenoid
1. sphenoid sinus
2. sella turcica
3. greater & lesser wings
4. optic foramen (canal)
5. superior orbital fissure
6. pterygoid processes (medial and lateral)
7. foramen ovale
8. foramen spinosum
9. foramen rotundum
F. Ethmoid
1. ethmoid sinuses
2. cribriform plate
3. crista galli
4. superior nasal concha (pl. = conchae)
5. middle nasal concha
FACIAL BONES
A. Nasal
B. Maxilla
1. maxillary sinus
2. palatine process
3. inferior orbital fissure
4. alveoli
5. infraorbital foramen
C. Zygomatic
D. Palatine
1. horizontal plate
E. Mandible
1. body
2. rami (sing. = ramus)
3. angle
4. condylar process
5. coronoid process
6. mandibular notch
7. alveoli
8. mental foramen
9. mandibular foramen
F. Lacrimal
G. Inferior nasal conchae
H. Vomer
FEATURES OF THE SKULL - made up of more than one bone
A. External
1. orbit
2. nasal cavity
3. hard palate
4. temporal fossa
5. zygomatic arch
B. Internal
1. anterior cranial fossa
2. middle cranial fossa
3. posterior cranial fossa
C. Sutures
1. coronal
2. squamosal
3. lambdoidal
4. sagittal
MISCELLANEOUS BONES - Hyoid bone
A. body
B. greater & lesser cornu (horns)
II. CRANIAL CAVITY
(M: 739-742, 746-749)
A. Vertebral aa.
B. Basilar a. - formed from the vertebral aa.
C. Circle of Willis - formed from basilar & internal carotid aa.
1. Anterior cerebral a.
2. Middle cerebral a.
3. Posterior cerebral a.
4. Posterior communicating a.
5. Anterior communicating a.
D. Dural sinuses
1. Superior sagittal sinus
2. Inferior sagittal sinus
3. Straight sinus
4. Transverse sinus
5. Sigmoid sinus - continuous with internal jugular v.
6. Confluens of sinuses
E. Meninges
1. Dura mater
a. falx cerebri
b. falx cerebelli
c. tentorium cerebelli
2. Arachnoid
3. Pia mater
E. Misc.
1. Pituitary gland
III. CRANIAL NERVES - be able to identify these on the models, on the brain, and at the foramina in the skull through which they pass.
(M: 480-490)
A. Olfactory (I)
a. Olfactory bulbs & tracts
B. Optic (II)
a. Optic chiasm
b. Optic tract
C. Oculomotor (III)
D. Trochlear (IV)
E. Trigeminal (V)
a. Ophthalmic division
b. Maxillary division
c. Mandibular division
F. Abducens (VI)
G. Facial (VII)
H. Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
I. Glossopharyngeal (IX)
J. Vagus (X)
K. Accessory (XI)
L. Hypoglossal (XII)
IV. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
A. SPINAL CORD - Identify gross structures on cadaver, and cross-sectional structures on model.
(M: 424-428)
1. conus medularis
2. cauda equina
3. spinal nerves
4. dorsal and ventral horns
5. dorsal and ventral roots
6. dorsal root ganglion
7. central canal
8. gray and white matter
9. filum terminale
B. BRAIN
(M: 452-479)
Cerebrum
1. Corpus callosum
2. Lobes
a. Frontal
b. Temporal
c. Parietal
d. Occipital
3. Sulci (singular = sulcus)
a. central
b. lateral
4. Gyri (singular: gyrus)
5. Longitudinal fissure - splits cerebrum into hemispheres
6. Ventricles
a. lateral ventricles (1 and 2)
b. 3rd
c. 4th (located in the brain stem)
7. Septum pellucidum
8. Choroid plexus
Cerebellum
1. Arbor vitae
Diencephalon
1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Mammillary bodies
Brain Stem
1. Midbrain (mesencephalon)
a. Pineal gland (body)
b. Superior colliculi (singular = 'lus)
c. Inferior colliculi
2. Pons
3. Medulla oblongata
a. Pyramids
b. Olives
4. Cerebral aqueduct
V. TRIANGLES OF THE NECK
(M: 341-343)
A. Superficial structures
1. platysma m.
2. sternocleidomastoid m.
3. external jugular v. - usually not on models, just deep to skin.
B. Anterior triangle
1. digastric m.(anterior & posterior bellies)
2. thyroid cartilage
3. omohyoid m.(superior & inferior bellies)
4. sternohyoid m.
5. sternothyroid m.
6. thyrohyoid m.
7. thyroid gland
8. parathyroid glands (deep to thyroid glands)
Carotid triangle
1. carotid sheath
a. vagus n.
b. common carotid a.
c. internal jugular v.
2. common carotid a.
a. external carotid a.
i. facial a. & v.
b. internal carotid a.
3. submandibular gland
C. Posterior triangle
1. scalenes: anterior, middle, & posterior
2. levator scapulae m.
3. spinal accessory n. (C.N. XI)
4. phrenic n.
5. subclavian aa. & vv.
a. vertebral aa. & vv.
D. Submandibular region
1. stylohyoid m.
2. mylohyoid m.
VI. MUSCLES OF THE BACK AND NECK
(M: 344-346)
A. Spinalis capitis m.
B. Splenius capitis m.
C. Erector spinae - lateral, intermediate, and medial groups
VII. FACE
(M: 336-341)
A. Muscles of facial expression
1. orbicularis oculi m.
2. zygomaticus major m.
3. orbicularis oris m.
4. levator labii superioris m.
5. depressor labii inferioris m.
6. buccinator m.
7. mentalis m.
B. Lateral side of the face
1. facial n.
2. facial a.
3. parotid gland
4. masseter m.
5. temporalis m.
6. medial pterygoid m.
7. lateral pterygoid m.
VIII. RESPIRATORY AND DIGESTIVE STRUCTURES
A. Nasal cavity
1. external nares
2. Nasal septum
B. Oral cavity
a. Uvula
b. lips
c. teeth
d. hard palate
e. soft palate
f. tongue
C. Pharynx
D. Larynx
a. epiglottis
b. glottis
c. true vocal folds
E. Trachea
F. Esophagus
CERVICAL PLEXIS - formed from ventral rami of C1 - C4.